乙型肝炎病毒携带孕妇乳汁和血清 HBV DNA载量与婴儿感染率的关系分析

目的 了解HBV携带孕妇所生婴儿接受母乳喂养后HBV感染情况。方法 2013年6月~2016年8月在我院分娩的128例HBV携带孕妇,其中HBeAg阳性74例, HBeAg阴性54例。采用PCR法检测血清和乳汁HBV DNA水平。结果 HBeAg阳性组血清HBV DNA水平为（4.27±1.20） lg copies/ml, 乳汁HBV DNA水平为（3.29±1.02） lg copies/ml, 均显著高于HBeAg阴性组【分别为（1.05±0.23）lg copies/ml和（0.97±0.15）lg copies/ml,P均<0.05】;在婴儿6个月和12个月时,84例HBeAg阳性孕妇所生婴儿HBV感染18例（21.95%）和24例（29.27%）,均显著高于64例HBeAg阴性组婴儿【分别为3例（4.69%）和5例（7.81%）,P均<0.05】。结论 HBeAg阳性孕妇在分娩前后应接受积极的抗病毒治疗,以降低血清和乳汁HBV DNA水平,才能考虑给予婴儿母乳喂养。     

育龄妇女在围孕期服用叶酸依从性递进指标界定

出生缺陷中神经管畸形发病率高且危害大.育龄妇女在孕前3个月至孕早期3个月内每日服用0.4 mg叶酸可有效预防50％ ～ 80％神经管畸形的发生[1,2].为了解农村孕妇围孕期叶酸服用依从性现状及探讨其判断标准,进行了相关研究。     

孕妇实验室检查结果的分析及参考值的建立

目的:调查并分析孕妇实验室检查结果,建立其参考值.方法:分别统计孕妇实验室检查项目的结果,分析趋势及原因.孕妇的Hb、WBC、PLT、ALT、AST、BUN和Cr参考值以此次就诊的543例作为抽样个体.结果:孕妇的实验室指标与正常人存在一定差异;某些实验室指标近几年也存在一定变动.结论:应建立孕妇实验室正常参考值,特别是Hb、WBC、PLT、ALT、AST、BUN、Cr等,以便医生准确诊断.实验室指标的变动对临床有一定的参考价值.     

妊娠期糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白和超敏C-反应蛋白测定的临床意义

目的探讨妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）患者血清糖化血红蛋白（HbAlC）和超敏C-反应蛋白（hs—CRP）联合检测的临床价值。方法选择GDM孕产妇107例,其中正规治疗（GDM1组）76例,未系统治疗（GDM2组）31例。另选择同期分娩的健康孕妇80例作为对照组。对3组采血检测HbAlC及hs—CRP水平,并比较妊娠结局。结果3组间HbAlC及hs—CRP水平比较差异均有统计学意义（GDM2组〉GDM1l组〉对照组,P〈0．01）。GDM2组母婴并发症的发生率明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）,但GDM2组与GDM1组、GDM1组与对照组母婴并发症比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论GDM孕妇血清HbAlC及hs—CRP水平与妊娠结局密切相关,联合检N--者水平对评价患者病情、预后及指导治疗有重要价值。     

1992～2010年云南省孕产妇死亡变化趋势及影响因素

目的:了解云南省孕产妇死亡原因及制约死亡率下降的影响因素,为政府制订干预措施提供依据。方法:通过常规报表及监测资料对云南省1992～2010年的孕产妇死亡相关资料进行分析。结果:1992～2010年的19年间云南省孕产妇死亡率有明显下降,由1995年的149.6/10万下降至2010年的37.3/10万,下降75.1%;但存在较大的地区差异,农村约为城市的6.6倍,内地县市和边境县市分别是城市的6.1倍和9.8倍,内地县市和边境县市死亡率明显较高,且下降速度较慢;死因顺位依次为:产科出血、合并内科疾病、妊娠期高血压疾病及产褥感染;产后出血是云南省孕产妇死亡的主要原因,占产科出血的77.3%;孕产期保健服务利用率偏低及县乡两级产科人员知识技能不足是孕产妇死亡的主要影响因素。结论:加大县乡产科能力建设力度,提高产科服务质量及完善流动孕产妇医疗保障体系,确保流动孕产妇异地享受基本公共卫生服务和住院分娩补助等惠民政策,妥善解决边境地区跨国婚姻的孕产妇保健等是进一步降低云南省孕产妇死亡率的重要保证。     

老年女性盆腔器官脱垂发病的相关危险因素研究

目的:探讨老年女性盆腔器官脱垂发病的危险因素,为其预防提供理论依据。方法:采用成组病例对照研究的方法,从医院收集146例盆腔脏器脱垂患者,以年龄为匹配条件,从体检中心选择292例健康体检者作为对照组。设计调查问卷,对两组妇女进行调查。结果:经过多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示:BMI>24(OR=4.456,95%CI:0.327～1.946),产次(OR=3.246,95.0%CI:0.425～8.343),慢性咳嗽(OR=2.347,95.0%CI:0.567～13.364),便秘(OR=2.342,95.0CI%:0.457～14.354),盆腔手术史(OR=3.735,95.0%CI:0.952～7.853)是盆腔器官脱垂发生的危险因素。结论:BMI>24,产次,慢性咳嗽,便秘,盆腔手术史是盆腔器官脱垂的独立危险因素。     

广州地区孕妇先兆流产发病状况及影响因素

目的:了解广州地区孕妇先兆流产的流行状况及影响因素,为建立有效的孕妇保健运作模式提供依据。方法:采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取研究对象,抽取2012年1月～6月间在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心进行常规产前检查的孕妇作为调查对象。采用Logistic回归等分析方法进行统计分析。结果:在838名调查对象中,先兆流产的发生率为24.6%。流产史、孕期的情绪、孕期服用激素及孕期服用药物是疑似抑郁/焦虑障碍的危险因素,其OR值分别为1.456、1.415、4.701、5.765;妊娠后较清淡的饮食为保护因素,OR=0.675。结论:广州地区孕妇先兆流产率较高,与孕期饮食、情绪、流产史、服用激素及药物等因素有关。     

HIV感染孕产妇所生儿童失访影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染孕产妇所生儿童失访的因素.方法:以2005～ 2010年云南省结束保健随访管理的2 238例HIV感染孕产妇所生儿童为研究对象,收集其母亲孕期、产时、产后至儿童满18个月的个案调查资料,采用单因素x2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析,揭示儿童失访的影响因素.结果:2 238例HIV感染孕产妇所生儿童,失访493例,失访占22.03％;儿童出生6个月内失访占49.09％.儿童失访的影响因素是复杂的,医务人员预防艾滋病母婴传播工作(PMTCT)咨询质量,家庭流动,母亲文化程度、职业,母亲孕产期是否服用抗病毒药物可能是主要因素.结论:降低HIV感染孕产妇所生儿童失访是一个系统工程,需要全社会参与,提高医务人员责任心,规范PMTCT服务,关注重点人群,是减少儿童失访的重要措施.     

凶险型前置胎盘43例临床分析

目的:探讨凶险型前置胎盘的临床特点,预防产后出血发生率,降低严重产后出血和子宫切除的风险,提高围生儿的存活率,降低孕产妇死亡率.方法:对43例凶险型前置胎盘中的中央型组与非中央型组孕产妇妊娠结局进行回顾性分析.结果:中央型组与非中央型组严重产后出血率、胎盘植入率、DIC发生率、子宫切除率比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而两组围产儿结局差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:中央型凶险型前置胎盘比非中央型凶险型前置胎盘植入率高,更容易发生严重的产时出血.提前彩超预测、术前充分识别评估风险及产时有效控制出血是治疗的关键.防止DIC发生,减少子宫切除事件及瘢痕子宫的发生,严格掌握剖宫产指征,搞好计划生育,注重产检及营养指导,降低剖宫产率,控制社会因素瘢痕子宫的发生可预防凶险型前置胎盘发生.     

Neuropsychological assessment at school-age and prenatal low-level exposure to mercury through fish consumption in an Italian birth cohort living near a contaminated site

The relative effects of prenatal and postnatal low-level mercury exposure and fish intake on child neurodevelopment are still controversial. Limited evidence is available from Mediterranean populations. In this prospective study, we measured the Verbal and Performance IQ in Italian children at school-age who were resident in an area declared as a National contaminated site because of mercury pollution, taking into account the possible beneficial effect of fish consumption and potential confounders. A mother–child cohort made up of 242 children was established at birth in Northeastern Italy in 2001. Their mothers were interviewed approximately 2 months after delivery to determine type, quantity, and origin of fish consumed during pregnancy and about a number of mother, child and family characteristics. Total mercury (THg) and methyl mercury (MeHg) were assessed in maternal hair and breast milk and in the child's hair. When children reached 7–9 years of age, 154 (63.6%) parents gave consent to participate in a follow-up evaluation. On that occasion, a child's hair sample was collected to determine the current concentration of THg, mothers were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire, and children underwent neuropsychological testing. Verbal IQ, performance IQ and full scale IQ were measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC III) administered by psychologists at school or local health centers. Demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle information, medical information of the child's family and the child's dietary habits were collected using a questionnaire filled in by mothers. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between prenatal THg exposure through fish consumption of mothers in pregnancy and children's IQ after adjustment for possible confounders such as fish consumption of mothers in pregnancy, child's fish consumption at follow-up, child's birthweight, maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy, house size and property place of residence during pregnancy and gender. THg in the child's hair at 7 years of age was fairly correlated with THg in maternal hair at delivery (r_s = 0.35; p < 0.0001) and was strongly correlated with child's seafood consumption (r_s = 0.50, p < 0.0001). No differences in maternal THg levels were found when comparing children with low or extremely low or high or extremely high scores vs others, considering separately full scale, verbal, and performance IQs. Children born from mothers with hair THg levels greater than or equal to 2000 ng/g had full scale, verbal and performance IQs which were 4–5 points lower than children born from women with lower THg levels, but these differences were not statistically significant. Fresh fish intake of mothers in pregnancy was slightly positively associated with full scale and performance but not so with verbal IQs. Canned fish showed to be negatively associated with all the outcome variables. Unexpectedly, children born to mothers from one town showed IQ scores significantly lower than the other children; however, none of the many variables considered in these analyses could explain this result. The relatively low Hg levels found in the biological samples did not provide evidence of high and extensive Hg exposure in this population. Although THg levels in maternal and child's biological samples are correlated with fish consumption, the effects of THg and fish on neurological outcomes go in opposite directions. These results do not allow to develop recommendations regarding fish consumption in pregnancy but suggest that keeping THg hair levels < 2000 ng/g might be desirable.